Exposure at Default (EAD)

Exposure at default (EAD) is a measure of the potential loss a lender could face if a borrower defaults on a loan. It is calculated by multiplying the outstanding principal balance of the loan by the default probability.

The EAD is used by lenders to determine the amount of capital they need to hold in reserve to cover potential losses. The higher the EAD, the more capital the lender will need to hold.

The EAD is also used by regulators to set capital requirements for banks. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which sets global banking standards, requires banks to hold capital against their EADs.

The EAD is a critical risk management tool for lenders. It helps them to identify and manage their credit risk exposures. By understanding their EADs, lenders can make informed decisions about the loans they make and the amount of capital they need to hold.

Here are some additional details about the EAD:

* The EAD is typically calculated for each individual loan. However, it can also be calculated for a group of loans or for an entire portfolio of loans.
* The EAD is based on the borrower's credit score, the loan-to-value ratio, and other factors.
* The EAD is a dynamic measure, meaning that it can change over time. The EAD will increase if the borrower's credit score declines or if the loan-to-value ratio increases.
* The EAD is used by lenders to set interest rates and fees. The higher the EAD, the higher the interest rate and fees will be.
* The EAD is also used by regulators to set capital requirements for banks. The higher the EAD, the more capital the bank will need to hold.

The EAD is an important risk management tool for lenders. By understanding their EADs, lenders can make informed decisions about the loans they make and the amount of capital they need to hold.